Comparative Physiology of Birds
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Evaporative losses of water by birds.
1. Birds lose water in evaporation from the respiratory tract and, in many species, through the skin. Anatomical arrangements in the nasal passages to conservation of water and hear from the expired air in the absence of heat loads. However, most species still expend more water in evaporation than they produce in metabolism when either quiescent or vigorously active. Certain small birds, severa...
متن کاملRoles of metabolic level and temperature regulation in the adjustment of western plumed pigeons (Lophophaps ferruginea) to desert conditions.
1 . Standard ferruginea) averages 0.88 of eva~orative water loss for metabolic rate of western plumed pigeons (Lophophaps ml 0, (g hr)-I during summer. This rate and the rate by these birds at 2S°C are well below levels anticipated birds .of comparable size (81 g). 2. Summer and late fall birds did not have significantly different minimal thermal conductances, the means for both approximating 1...
متن کاملOsmoregulatory and metabolic costs of salt excretion in the Rufous-collared sparrow Zonotrichia capensis.
Recent experiments on shorebirds have demonstrated that maintaining an active osmoregulatory machinery is energetically expensive. This may, in part, explain diet and habitat selection in birds with salt glands. However little is known about the osmoregulatory costs in birds lacking functional salt glands. In these birds, osmotic work is done almost exclusively by the kidneys. We investigated t...
متن کاملCellulose digestion and metabolism by captive rock ptarmigan.
-l, Carbon-14 labeled cellulose was fed to rock ptarmigan to provide evidence of cellulose digestion and metabolism. Digestibility of cellulose and energy metabolized by ptarmigan fed a diet of 6 and 30';0 cellulose were determined by a feeding trial. 2. Recovery of t'~CO2 in expired gases from ptarmigan fed t*C labeled cellulose demonstrates the digestion and metabolism of cellulose by gut mic...
متن کاملComparative evaluation of clinical efficiency of intramuscular diazepam-ketamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
Background: Several injectable anaesthetics and sedatives are used in various avian species for general anaesthesia. Birds are very sensitive animals and any mismanagement in a crisis can lead to immediate shock and death. Therefore, careful selection of the safest possible anaesthetic agent and dose is very important. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine...
متن کاملPhenotypic flexibility in digestive system structure and function in migratory birds and its ecological significance.
Birds during migration must satisfy the high energy and nutrient demands associated with repeated, intensive flight while often experiencing unpredictable variation in food supply and food quality. Solutions to such different challenges may often be physiologically incompatible. For example, increased food intake and gut size are primarily responsible for satisfying the high energy and nutrient...
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تاریخ انتشار 2017